Litigation

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What does it mean to go to court? 

The Family Court exists to try and help families resolve disputes quickly and with the minimum of disruption. The judges who work in the Family Court are specialists and many are former family lawyers or barristers. The Family Court deals with some of the most complex and difficult cases.  

Anyone going through a divorce or separation or who needs a dispute over their children resolved can apply to the Family Court and ask for a judge’s help. 

However, even if you take your case to court, you will be encouraged to see if it’s possible to resolve things out of court (for example through mediation or arbitration) unless this is really not safe for you or your family. This is because agreements and settlements reached away from the courtroom are likely to be more tailored to your family’s circumstances and they are more likely to work if you’ve had a role in planning and agreeing the outcome.  

What are the benefits? 

When it comes to resolving disputes, especially in family matters, going to court can sometimes be the best option. While it might seem daunting, there are several benefits to taking your case to court.

There are certain situations when going to court is the best course of action. For example, if there is a risk of harm to a child or if your ex is hiding assets in financial proceedings, involving the court may be necessary. In situations like these, the court can take immediate and robust action to protect your interests.

One of the biggest benefits of going to court is the finality and certainty it provides. When a judge makes a decision (or order), it is legally binding and enforceable. This means that everyone has to follow the order. Unlike other methods like mediation or arbitration, which will require a judge’s approval to become final and binding, a court decision is definitive.

Court orders are enforceable by law. This means that if you don’t comply with it, legal action can be taken against you to enforce it. An agreement that has been reached in mediation or through negotiation needs to be turned into a court order before it is binding and can be enforced. Having the ability to enforce an order - making someone do what they have been told to do - is really important. There is no point in getting your court order if it’s just going to be ignored.  

Having a court order or judgment can also be useful if there are any future disputes. It can serve as a reference point. This can be particularly helpful in complex family law cases where similar issues might arise again.

Court proceedings follow a structured timetable, which can help in resolving disputes more efficiently. Knowing that there is a set schedule can encourage individuals to work towards a resolution within a specific timeframe. This can be a useful backdrop for other forms of dispute resolution, such as negotiation or mediation, as it provides a clear timeline for when things need to be resolved.

It's important to remember that starting court proceedings does not mean that the court has to determine every issue. In many cases, the court's involvement can be limited to specific issues where a judge's input is required. For example, the court can grant orders to secure assets or provide an indication of the likely outcome in financial proceedings, while the remaining issues can be negotiated or mediated.

An overview of the court process 

For those going through a divorce, going to court involves two, or sometimes three, separate processes. Sometimes the hearings mentioned below will happen in person or sometimes they will happen online (a remote hearing). 

The first is getting the divorce. Since April 2022, we have had no-fault divorce and that has largely meant that the whole process now runs online through a court portal. You would rarely be asked to come to court about a divorce now. The process – if all goes smoothly – usually takes about seven months from start to finish.  

The second is resolving the financial issues. There is an initial stage of gathering and disclosing information. This is followed by a series of hearings, including a First Directions Appointment (FDA) where the court sets a timetable for the case, and a Financial Dispute Resolution (FDR) hearing where you try to reach an agreement with the help of a judge. If an agreement isn’t reached, the case proceeds to a final hearing where the judge makes a binding decision on how the assets should be divided.

The third process is to resolve issues relating to children. The court schedules a First Hearing Dispute Resolution Appointment (FHDRA) to identify the issues and encourage parents to come to an agreement. If no agreement is reached, the case may proceed to further hearings if for example allegations of abuse are raised and need to be investigated.  A judge makes the final decision at a final hearing based on what will be in the child’s best interests. Throughout the process, the court aims to ensure the child’s welfare is the top priority.

Depending on your situation you may see one, two or all three of these processes. Court applications can also be made in many other types of family dispute. We commonly see applications made in cohabitation disputes, where protective injunctions are needed, in cases where there are concerns that a marriage is not valid and where court orders are needed following surrogacy.  

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Explaining family law podcast

Facing a family law issue and not sure what's involved? Our podcast is the right place to start.

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Our family and children law blog provides practical advice and insight on a wide range of topics by our family and children lawyers.

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On our YouTube channel, Caitlin Jenkins, the Family Law Vlogger gives you guidance on your first step in sorting out your issues.

FAQs

This means your court hearing will take place remotely, without the need for you to go to a court building. Remote hearings can take place by telephone or video. 

Judges, if they think it’s the right thing to do, have the power to pause a case (even if you and your ex disagree) so that you can try out of court options like mediation. In many cases, before you can apply to the Family Court, you have to attend a MIAM. And the court process also now requires all those involved in a dispute to genuinely consider out of court options and set out their views early on on what might work. A failure to engage with out of court options without good reason can also result in costs penalties.  This all adds up to some very strong encouragement!

In England and Wales, a solicitor is a qualified legal professional who provides legal advice and support direct to clients. They deal with all the paperwork and communications involved in a case including negotiations and implementing agreements and orders. Barristers are trained to advise and represent clients in court – helping to present their best arguments and examine and cross-examine witnesses. The roles are not quite as clear-cut as they once were though! 

Family Court hearings are usually private so that means only people with permission can be in the room. Usually this means you, your ex, the judge and your legal teams (if you have instructed solicitors and/or barristers). If your case has needed expert evidence, the expert may come to court too to answer questions.  Since 2023, journalists can attend most Family Court hearings. There are strict rules about what they can report on.  

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